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War crimes --- War crimes
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The attack on the village of Biljani started in the early morning hours of July 10, 1992, and was led by the 17th Infantry Brigade of the Serbian Army in co-operation with the reserve and active police officers of the Police Department. In this village Serbian forces executed 264 men, women, children and elderly Bosniaks. The oldest victim was 85 years old Bećo Ćehić, while the youngest victim was a four months baby Amila Džaferagić, who died in a pit together with her mother. At the sites of the mass graves of Lanište I, Crvena Zemlja I and II, 220 bodies were exhumed. The killed Bosniaks from the hamlets of Donji Biljani, Brkići, Osmanovići, Domazeti, Džaferagići, Čehići, Mešani and Jabukovci were identified, and in the years that followed, bodies were found regularly in smaller and individual graves, in forests or abandoned and burnt buildings. In the area of Biljani, 34 graves were found, from which 34 bodies were exhumed. Marko Samardžija was found guilty of ordering, in his capacity as commander of the 3rd company of the Sanica battalion, a systematic attack on July 10, 1992 against Muslim civilians in the region of Ključ. On November 03, 2006, Samardžija was therefore sentenced to 26 years imprisonment. On May 25, 2007 the Appeals Chamber partially upheld the appeals of the indictee and his attorney, and rendered a decision revoking the first instance verdict. On October 23, 2008, Samardžija was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment for crimes against humanity in Biljani village, Ključ municipality. This book includes a list of exhumed persons missing in the Biljani area. The data were obtained from the Institute for Missing Persons of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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The publication "War Crimes in Milići and Vlasenica - Verdicts" documents three cases brought before the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina for crimes committed in the pre-war municipality of Vlasenica. The Court sentenced Predrag Bastah to 22 years and Goran Višković to 18 years imprisonment, while Dragan Marinković was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment for war crimes in the municipality of Milići. According to the Institute for Missing Persons of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 955 Bosniak victims went missing in the municipalities of Vlasenica and Milići between 1992 and 1995. These persons disappeared as a result of war crimes, but they are not related to the fall of protected zones, i.e. to the genocide committed in July 1995. The largest mass grave found in the Vlasenica area is the Ogradica mass grave, from which 232 remains of victims from the previous war were exhumed in 2003, and the largest mass grave in the Milići municipality is the Zaklopača mass grave, from which 81 remains were exhumed. At the end of this book is a list of identified persons from the municipalities of Vlasenica and Milići who disappeared in the period from 1992 to 1995. The data were taken from the Institute for Missing Persons of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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The Kazani case has been known to the Sarajevo public since 1993, when the independent magazine Dani wrote about the murders of the non-Bosniak population near Sarajevo. The number of people killed at Kazani pit has never been officially determined, and twenty years later is the subject of frequent debates. The key date on the issue of this war crime is October 26, 1993, when the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MUP) and the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBIH) organized the operation "Trebević", with the aim of dealing with "criminals within their own ranks", against the commander 10th Mountain Brigade Mušan Topalović Caco and the commander of the 9th Motorized Brigade Ramiz Delalić Ćelo. Topalović and his men killed nine MUP members during the arrest, and Topalović himself was dead a few hours after the arrest. The official version says: "killed while trying to escape".
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The book "War Crimes in Čajniče - Verdicts" documents the verdicts of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina for crimes committed against civilians in Čajniče and its surroundings. The Court has sentenced Milorad Živković, Milun Kornjača, Milosav Jovanović, Marijan Jovanović and Slavko Jovanović to six to eleven years in prison. Duško Tadić and Stevo Jovanović were acquitted. In 2015, the State Court confirmed the indictment against Duško Kornjača, charging him with the criminal offense of crimes against humanity, but he is inaccessible to the judicial authorities. According to the Institute for Missing Persons of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a total of 138 missing persons were reported in the area of Čajniče. To date, 90 victims have been found and identified. So far, the remains of 68 exhumed men and 22 women have been handed over to their families. The fate of another 48 people from Čajniče, who are still being searched for 18 years after the horrific crimes, is completely unknown. The largest grave with the bodies of Bosniaks from Čajniče was found in Mostina, from which the remains of 18 victims were exhumed in September 2002. The youngest victim in this mass grave was Zlatko Bukva. He was only 19 at the time he was killed. In addition to this, six more mass graves were found in Mostina, from which the bodies of a total of 60 victims were exhumed.
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Na Kosovu je od uvođenja srpske uprave 1990. godine vlast počela da sprovodi državnu represiju surovih formi nad svojim džavljanima koji su pripadali albanskoj populaciji. Ta represija je pojačana tokom 1998. godine, kada policijske, vojne i paravojne formacije Srbije počinju „borbu protiv albanskih terorista,“ zbog čega je na kraju bilo potrebno da interveniše međunarodna zajednica vazdušnom kampanjom NATO snaga protiv vojnih, policijskih i drugih strateških objekata Srbije, odnosno Savezne Republike Jugoslavije, uključujući Kosovo. Tokom tromesečnog rata koji su vodile snage NATO pakta i pripadnici OVK protiv vojnih i policijskih snaga Srbije, na Kosovu su se dogodili mnogi varvarski zločini nad albanskim civilima, koje su bez milosti sprovodili pripadnici srpske vojske, policije i paramilitarnih jedinica i u kojima nisu bile pošteđene čak ni bebe... Da bi izbrisali tragove zločina, najviši srpski zvaničnici organizovali su sahranjivanje tela žrtava na vojnom strelištu u Prizrenu, a zatim ih otkopavali i transportovali u Srbiju, u masovne grobnice u Batajnici kod Beograda... Porodice žrtava i dalje su u bolu jer i dan-danas nisu identifikovane sve žrtve zločina u Suvoj Reci i drugde.
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The greatest difficulty after the conflicts, in addition to reconstruction of demolished houses and re-establishing relationship, was facing war crimes, in particular those committed by members of the so-called 'Us'. This 'patriotic narrowing of the mind', as the philosophy professor Žarko Puhovski once said, at the time when one should confess the guilt of human also becomes a moral drama that has been haunting human kind since ever. It is related to the ontological evil as Hannah Arendt said, as well as with insisting upon 'our truth', which villains of modern age like to use in court rooms and claim it to the grave.
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